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Selected issues of the public regulation of export of dual use items
Kosan, Jiří ; Handrlica, Jakub (advisor) ; Staša, Josef (referee)
Selected issues of the public regulation of export of dual use items Abstract At the time this paper was written, security was a dominant theme in the international environment. The military conflict in Ukraine, terrorism in Israel and the growing antagonism of global and regional powers have made topics such as military hardware, weapons of mass destruction and international sanctions very topical. Dual-use goods are closely linked to all these security issues. It can covertly significantly increase military capabilities in the field of conventional and unconventional weapons and in the field of information. Despite the fact that it is widely used in industry and can surround us at literally every turn, it remains in the shadows of wider attention. Yet its export carries with it a number of extensive obligations for the standard-setter. It defines dual-use goods as those products, software and 'know-how' that are usable for both civilian and military purposes. Their acquisition for the purpose of misuse is then referred to as 'proliferation'. The legal regulation of the export of such goods is specific because it is an interplay between international law and European law, which is applied by means of administrative law. By its very nature, it is complementary to international sanctions. Two categories of...
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Emerging Threats to Space Security and Protection of Space Assets
Pražák, Jakub ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee) ; Hays, Peter Lang (referee)
The dissertation entitled "Emerging Threats to Space Security and Protection of Space Assets" introduces outer space as an important strategic domain with undisputable significance for the present and future of humankind. Despite the specific features of space environment, it explains that the outer space domain is not entirely divergent from traditional terrestrial domains and space-provided services are part of everyday life. The dissertation discusses and analyses the threats to space security and proposes countermeasures to mitigate the negative consequences on the space environment and for human activities beyond the borders of Earth, contributing to the spacepower theory and shaping the approach to outer space as an economic and political area. The dissertation illustrates the complexity of space threats and urges they be resolved. The theoretical framework is based on realist assumptions; however, it broadly acknowledges the different roles of various space stakeholders, resulting in an eclectic approach to space relations. Accordingly, the dissertation elaborates on dynamics and interconnections between space actors and outlines the prospects for future cooperation that is vital for preserving the space environment.
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Weaponization of Outer Space: Double-Edged Blade of Dual-Use Technology
Pražák, Jakub ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The thesis considered the feasibility of space warfare with an emphasis on the malicious potential of dual-use technology. I have described the orbital principles and set the presumptions of space warfare and the principles for space warfare strategy, introduced dual- use technology and its connections to space weapons, elaborated on existing counterspace capabilities and its impact, described the challenges for space warfare and evaluated the utilization of dual-use technology as space weapons. I have reached the conclusion that current space technology does not allow to lead extensive space warfare. However, counterspace technology is mature enough for the conduct of destructive space operations and states are encouraged to proliferate advanced offensive counterspace capabilities that are not sufficiently addressed and bounded to international law. Though, despite it seems space warfare is unlikely, the growing tensions of state space actors and rapid development of new technology that is currently mostly driven by the commercial actors may soon change the situation. Potentially destructive dual-use technology may then increase the risk and probability of space warfare. The thesis proposed several options of potentially destructive dual-technology technology that could be turned into space weapons.
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Weaponization of Outer Space: Double-Edged Blade of Dual-Use Technology
Pražák, Jakub ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The thesis considered the feasibility of space warfare with an emphasis on the malicious potential of dual-use technology. I have described the orbital principles and set the presumptions of space warfare and the principles for space warfare strategy, introduced dual- use technology and its connections to space weapons, elaborated on existing counterspace capabilities and its impact, described the challenges for space warfare and evaluated the utilization of dual-use technology as space weapons. I have reached the conclusion that current space technology does not allow to lead extensive space warfare. However, counterspace technology is mature enough for the conduct of destructive space operations and states are encouraged to proliferate advanced offensive counterspace capabilities that are not sufficiently addressed and bounded to international law. Though, despite it seems space warfare is unlikely, the growing tensions of state space actors and rapid development of new technology that is currently mostly driven by the commercial actors may soon change the situation. Potentially destructive dual-use technology may then increase the risk and probability of space warfare. The thesis proposed several options of potentially destructive dual-technology technology that could be turned into space weapons.
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